Intellectual Property Strategies of University IT Spinoffs

Abstract

This research investigates the challenges and strategies surrounding intellectual property (IP) rights in the context of university IT spinoffs (UIS). The following main research question is answered: “What Intellectual Property appropriation strategies exist, and which strategy should University IT Spinoffs apply?”. There is often confusion and disagreement on the ownership and protection of the Intellectual Property developed by University spinoffs. Besides, spinoff founders often have insufficient knowledge concerning what consequences IP related choices might have for the spinoffs’ business model. Because of this, university spinoff founders often face challenges in protecting and successfully commercializing their innovations. This research identifies the gaps in knowledge and policy that hinder these spinoffs and explores how the Universiteiten van Nederland (UNL) Deal Terms can assist in navigating this complexity.

Employing a Wieringa design science approach, including a multi-vocal literature review, expert interviews, and a case study of the Care2Report Research Program and its Verticai spinoff from Utrecht University, this research provides an in-depth analysis of the current challenges in IP appropriation and IP strategy. The IP Appropriation Guideline (IPAG) method is created and presented as a step-by-step guideline designed to assist university IT spinoffs in effectively managing their intellectual property, supported by the UNL Deal Terms. By focussing on assessing the spinoff's needs, stakeholder alignment, risk analysis, IP negotiation strategies, deal closing, and monitoring and adaptation of the IP strategy, this method seeks to navigate spinoff founders across the challenging terrain of IP appropriation successfully, so that they can successfully protect and commercialize their innovative technologies. The method does not only serve as a set of instructions, but as a strategic framework that acknowledges the relationship between IP strategies and the UIS business model.

The findings highlight the importance of clear and fair IP guidelines and strategies for the success of university spinoffs. By applying the IPAG method, spinoffs founders can not only protect and commercialize their IP more effectively, but also contribute to a healthier ecosystem of innovation and entrepreneurship within and beyond academia.