Menopause in the Workplace: Qualitative Insights from Contrasting Work Environments

Abstract

Menopause has received increasing attention in media, public discourse, and academia. Recently, research has highlighted the challenges it poses in the workplace. However, how menopausal experiences differ across industries and job types remains underexplored. This study addresses that gap by exploring how work environments shape menopausal experiences in two contrasting sectors: policing (male-dominated) and healthcare (female-dominated). Through semi-structured interviews with 18 Dutch menopausal women working in these sectors across various occupational roles, this study uses thematic analysis to explore their workplace experiences, challenges, strategies, and underlying mechanisms. Findings show that police officers, especially those in frontline roles, faced greater stigma due to a persistent “macho” culture, often leading them to hide symptoms. While healthcare workers also encountered taboo, they were driven by a culture of self-sacrifice. Across frontline roles, women tried to conform to an “ideal worker” norm by pushing through symptoms without complaining. These expectations, exacerbated by staff shortages, were difficult to maintain alongside symptoms. Frontline workers faced added challenges due to the physical and emotional demands of their roles, uncomfortable uniforms, and shift work. Many of their difficulties stemmed from limited autonomy and flexibility, sometimes leading them to rely on sick leave or changing jobs. In contrast, desk-based workers could more easily adjust schedules, work remotely, or take breaks, helping them manage symptoms. These findings suggest that workplace autonomy and flexibility shape menopause-related experiences and behavior. Although some attention to menopause existed across sectors, structural support and managerial awareness were often lacking. We conclude that while menopausal challenges occur across sectors, they are more pronounced in male-dominated policing and frontline roles. The intersection of organizational culture and occupational role heightens vulnerability, underscoring how work environments shape menopausal experiences. Findings are discussed in light of prior research and policy advice is provided.