The relationship between social media use, social connectedness, and mental health among adolescents: A scoping review

Abstract

Background Social connections serve as a protective factor for adolescent mental health. An increase in the use of online technology among adolescents has influenced their social connectedness and mental health in various ways. However, it remains unclear how the dynamic between adolescents' use of social media, their sense of connectedness, identity development, and mental health works. This study will provide a comprehensive understanding of current literature and identify key themes and gaps on this dynamic by answering the following question: How does social media use influence the mental health impact of social connectedness among adolescents, both positively and negatively?

Methods This study employs a scoping review to synthesize current literature on how social media use influences the mental health impact of social connectedness among Western adolescents (ages 11-19). The review used Scopus, PubMed, and PsycInfo databases and applied the PICOST system to ensure eligibility criteria. 32 articles were analyzed; the selection process involved screening titles and abstracts, full-text analysis and quality assessment.

Results Three main themes are identified in relation to social media use and mental health: social identity and expression, social connectedness and relations, Covid-19. Social media can both positively and negatively affect adolescent social connectedness and mental health, depending on the nature and extent of its use. Social media plays a crucial role in identity development, especially for marginalized groups, but also introduces risks such as stress and cyberbullying. The pandemic underscored the importance of social media in maintaining social connections during isolation.

Conclusion Results highlight the complex relationship between social media use, social connectedness, and mental health among adolescents, revealing both positive and negative effects influenced by various factors. Key gaps include inconsistent definitions of social media use, the need for more objective and longitudinal studies, and the importance of considering context and individual differences. Future research should adopt interdisciplinary approaches and focus on understanding these dynamics to inform effective interventions and policies.