mRNA features that guide translational control
Summary
Features encoded in the mRNA contribute substantially to the translation
efficiency of a transcript. After processing of the 5’ and 3’ end and export of the
mRNA to the cytoplasm, translation is initiated via a cap-dependent or capindependent mechanism. We describe how inhibition of global translation is
controlled by limiting translation initiation factors and how specific mRNAs
benefit from this to increase their expression during these conditions. We also
discuss how the mRNA codes for structural and regulatory elements which can
be recognised by trans acting factors to promote or inhibit translation. Finally,
we discuss how relatively new concepts as the epitranscriptome, codon
optimality and even the sequence of the nascent peptide influence translation
rates.