Assessment and comparison of alternative marine fuels

Abstract

The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has set a GHG reduction target of worldwide shipping by at least 50 per cent in 2050, relative to 2008, to ensure a sustainable future for the port and maritime sector. Alternative marine fuels and innovative vessel propulsion systems play a key role in achieving this target. However, there is a global uncertainty about the future dominant alternative fuel(s). This makes it difficult for Port of Amsterdam and her stakeholders to determine a business development strategy regarding fuel supply chains, bunkering facilities and vessel propulsion systems. This research identifies the most promising alternative marine fuels via multi-criteria analysis. The assessment aims at alternative fuels for coastal vessels in the year 2030 and beyond. Included alternative fuels are biodiesel (HVO), bio LNG, bio methanol, compressed hydrogen, liquid hydrogen, e-methanol and sodium borohydride.