Rooted in Regeneration: Comparative Insights from Plant Root Regeneration and Plant Embryogenesis to Hydra Regeneration.

Abstract

Regeneration is a biological process observed across diverse organ- isms, however sparingly. This review explores the mechanisms gov- erning root tip regeneration in plants, drawing parallels with plant embryogenesis and regeneration of the freshwater polyp Hydra. We compare the mobile regulators that define spatial patterning and cell fate decisions of each system and highlight shared principles, including gradient-driven positional cues, feedback loops, and organizer struc- tures that orchestrate tissue regeneration. This comparative approach underscores the significance of spatial patterning, cell-cell communi- cation and interactions in regeneration and provides insights into the conserved principles underlying regenerative capacities.