Active versus Passive Social Media Use: Associations with Attentional Problems and the Moderating Role of Coping

Abstract

Introduction. The increase in smartphone usage has made social media an integral part of adolescents’ lives, raising concerns about its impact on attention problems. While social media use (SMU) is linked to attentional problems, little is known about how active SMU (e.g. posting, messaging) and passive SMU (e.g. scrolling) differ in this regard. Moreover, it is unknown whether adolescents who use social media to cope with negative feelings are more vulnerable. This study examines associations between active, passive SMU and attentional problems among adolescents aged 10-18, and whether coping moderates these associations. Methods. Data were drawn from the Digital Youth and Identity Project (N=1,763). Participants completed self-report measures of attentional problems, passive SMU, active SMU, and coping motives. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted, controlling for age, gender, and class. Results. Results show that both active and passive SMU were significantly associated with attentional problems, with active SMU showing a slightly more stronger association. Coping motives were positively associated with attentional problems. However, no significant moderation effects were found, indicating that coping motives did not strengthen the relationships between passive and active SMU and attentional problems. Discussion. These findings highlight the nuanced impact of active, passive SMU and coping on attention. They challenge the assumption that passive use is more harmful and that coping intensifies these associations. The results emphasize the importance of considering not only the frequency of adolescents’ SMU, but also their approach and motives. These insights are valuable for educators, parents and policymakers aiming to support adolescents’ attention.