Comparing national strategies for reducing antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens in Europe

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens is a global health concern driven by the overuse of antibiotics in agriculture and animal production. This literature review compares the national strategies for reducing AMR in foodborne pathogens in four European countries: Romania, Portugal, Denmark, and the Netherlands. The review measures the alignment of such policies with EU policy, the effectiveness of surveillance systems, and the use of targeted interventions. Denmark and the Netherlands demonstrate significant improvement in reducing AMR by having a robust surveillance system, strict policies, and collaboration among stakeholders, while Romania and Portugal face challenges such as underreporting, lack of enforcement, and shortages of resources. The findings highlight the necessity of One Health approach that integrates human, animal, and environmental health strategy to be effective in tackling AMR. The review highlights increased surveillance, locally adapted interventions, and international coordination as necessary requirements to ensure food safety and public health security when facing emerging AMR. Future research should focus on new solutions such as genomic surveillance and antibiotic substitutes as a way to fight the multi-factorial drivers of AMR in foodborne pathogens.