Effects of neonicotinoid pesticide pollution of Dutch surface water on non-target species abundance

Abstract

The use of neonicotinoid pesticides has been increasing since the mid-1990s, despite growing evidence of their toxicity to many non-target species, most notably bees. This thesis describes the correlation between neonicotinoid pesticide pollution of surface waters in the Netherlands, and the abundance of non-target species of Diptera (true flies), Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Trichoptera (caddisflies), Hydracarina (water mites), Coleoptera (beetles), Heteroptera (bugs), Amphipoda (crustaceans), Isopoda (crustaceans), and Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies).