Blood biomarkers for Alzheimer’s diseases: moving towards to the early and non-invasive diagnosis.

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is major challenge for today’s society due to the increasing number of patients and the lack of a definitive cure. Nowadays, there are disease-modifying therapies that delays the devastating symptomatology when given on time. Therefore, there is a need for an early and accurate AD diagnosis, that could be achieved by using biomarkers. Currently, there is an increase interest in AD blood biomarkers due to their low cost and invasiveness and high efficiency and efficacy in diagnosis. Here, we reviewed the most recent updates about blood AD biomarkers, focusing on the different forms of amyloid β and Tau protein, and examined their diagnostic accuracy . With all the collected data, we implemented an integrated model that suggest when these biomarkers can be detected thought the preclinical stages, facilitating the clinical intervention against AD. Finally, we reflected about future of blood AD biomarkers, discussing their limitations and challenges that need overcome, and highlighting their enormous potential as diagnostic, clinical and research tools.