The combination of work and care in SMEs in the Dutch energy sector

Abstract

This thesis investigates the combination of work and care within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Dutch energy sector. Despite an increase in female labor market participation, women remain underrepresented in this sector, while gender diversity is crucial to the transition to renewable energy. The study aims to understand how managers in these SMEs perceive and manage work-care integration, a critical factor for enhancing gender diversity and fostering an inclusive workplace. Using a qualitative research design, the study conducted semi-structured interviews with managers across various SMEs. Thematic analysis revealed five themes: 1) perceptions of work and care; 2) challenges in combining work and care; 3) the perceived impact on work performance and employee retention, 4) positive aspects of facilitating work and care; and 5) the importance of leadership and culture in facilitating work and care. The findings reveal a gap between theoretical expectations and practical realities within SMEs. Initially, managers did not recognize work-care integration as a pressing issue, but deeper reflections during interviews highlighted its prevalence. The research underscores that while SMEs often rely on ad-hoc solutions rather than formal policies, a lack of managerial awareness and formal support mechanisms persists. The masculine culture prevalent in the energy sector exacerbates these challenges, potentially limiting the effectiveness of work-care integration strategies and reinforcing traditional norms. The study concludes that bridging the gap between theory and practice requires heightened awareness and the development of more inclusive organizational cultures. Recommendations include fostering a workplace culture that values work-life balance and explicitly acknowledging informal caregivers as a distinct group. Additionally, industry- specific best practices should be shared to address the diverse needs of SMEs and enhance support for work-care integration. Future research should focus on specific sub-sectors within the energy industry and different organizational sizes to gain more nuanced insights into these challenges.