How To Live With The Landlord Levy? A Quantitative analysis on Dutch Housing Associations' Reactions to the Landlord Levy
Summary
This thesis aimed to analyse and answer the effects of the heavily debated landlord levy on housing associations. Via a statistical analysis, the research question “What has the effect of the landlord levy on the functioning of housing associations, in particular their housing supply?”, is investigated. This builds on earlier statistical research done on shorter timespan by Veenstra et. al. (2016). Utilising a dataset consisting of all Dutch housing associations between 2008 and 2020, the effect of the landlord levy on income, costs, housing stock mutations and total housing stock variables is analysed. Results obtained via regressions found significant effects of the landlord levy on (1) an increase in the social rental income, (2) an increase in the number of social housing units sold, (3) a decrease in the total number of social housing units. All of these effects were only significant between 2010 and 2016. Regressions for total housing stock variables were not found to be significant. Furthermore, costs were found to not at all be significantly related to the landlord levy. Overall, this thesis supports existing research with an extensive number of econometric analyses and shows that the housing associations could not compensate for the additional costs of the landlord levy without cuts in social housing supply.