Unravelling drivers of activity patterns of crop raiding animals in the Surinamese Rainforest

Abstract

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) presents a significant challenge in many regions, especially in the Global South, where subsistence farming often leads to clashes with wildlife. This study investigates the intricate dynamics between crop-raiding animals, specifically ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and red- rumped agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina), and various environmental and anthropogenic factors in the Surinamese rainforest. Utilizing camera trap data, I examined the spatiotemporal activity patterns of these species, comparing their behaviours in forest and crop field settings. My findings reveal significant differences in agouti activity patterns between these habitats, with increased morning activity in crop fields. This adaptation suggests a strategic response to human presence, optimizing foraging efficiency while minimizing interaction. Additionally, the presence of predators such as ocelots and humans influence agouti activity, though not to a statistically significant extent. Predator- prey dynamics, assessed through avoidance-attraction ratios, indicated that predator presence alters agouti behaviour, but not sufficiently to confirm the risk allocation hypothesis. I also explored the impacts of temperature, rainfall, and human disturbance on agouti behaviour, finding a notable non- linear relationship between temperature and activity times. The GLM analysis reveals that while the intercept is significant, indicating a meaningful baseline relative abundance of agoutis, the standardized environmental predictors (temperature, anthropogenic disturbance, predator presence, and rainfall) are not significant, suggesting these factors do not strongly influence relative abundance in this dataset. Despite the comprehensive approach, the study highlights the need for further research with larger sample sizes and detailed environmental data. By promoting habitat conditions that support natural behaviours and reducing human-wildlife conflicts, these strategies can enhance coexistence and contribute to the sustainable management of agricultural landscapes. The results underscore the importance of developing tailored conservation strategies that consider species adaptability and promote coexistence between humans and wildlife.