From Inner Chaos to Clarity: A Qualitative Study on the Role of Influencer Mental Health Content in the Self-Diagnosis of Neurodivergent Conditions and Its Implications for the Lived Experiences of Dutch Female Adolescents

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of mental health influencers on TikTok and Instagram on the understanding of mental health, the tendency to self-diagnose neurodivergent conditions (NDCs), and the lived experiences of 18- to 25-year-old Dutch adolescent females. Specifically, it focused on the self-diagnosis of ADHD, autism, and OCD. Public discourse raised concerns about online content influencing adolescents' perceptions, prompting them to self-diagnose and potentially impacting them negatively. This study addressed a knowledge gap, as the impact of influencer mental health content on youth who self-diagnose is unknown. Using a grounded theory approach with sensitizing concepts, qualitative research was conducted through in-depth interviews with ten Dutch females aged 18-25. Findings revealed that, despite concerns about misinterpretation, adolescents were empowered to externalize their feelings and manage inner chaos through linguistic empowerment. Influencers helped participants recognize and understand their NDCs, leading to cautious and well-considered self-diagnosis. Findings showed influencers effectively challenged stereotypes and provided relatable narratives. Algorithms amplified mental health content, significantly influencing self-identification through accumulated evidence. Although potential negative consequences exist, social media facilitated self-mastery, personal growth, inner harmony and resilience strategies. The study revealed a more positive narrative amid concerns of misinterpretation and overinterpretation. While it is essential to navigate risks of self-diagnosis, social media could be a valuable tool for mental health education and support. This aligned with the neurodiversity movement's advocacy for acceptance and understanding of NDCs. Public discourse should balance acknowledging youth concerns with avoiding hasty dismissals.