A life-cycle assessment method to assess the environmental impacts of cyber-physical systems

Abstract

The increasing environmental footprint of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector necessitates innovative strategies for emission assessment and reduction. Addressing this, the study introduces a novel Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method tailored for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), filling an existing void in environmental evaluation practices. Adopting Wieringa’s design science cycle, the research unfolds through an initial Problem Investigation stage. This phase thoroughly analyses the implicit method from Cortès Cornax, Lago, and Roncancio. This method is formalised using a Process Deliverable Diagram (PDD) in an ’as-is’ model to identify limitations and set the groundwork for improvements. Progressing to the Treatment Design stage makes the shift towards an im- proved ’to-be’ LCA method. A new PDD is designed by collecting requirements derived from the ’as-is’ analysis and stakeholder input. This phase also includes the development of an online tool designed for the practical application of the LCA method. The proposed method quantifies the environmental footprint of CPS. This com- prehensive approach distinguishes itself by analysing each CPS component’s en- vironmental impact and integrating respective environmental declarations. A standout feature is its consideration of location-specific factors, particularly in electricity production, recognising that environmental impacts vary significantly based on geographical context. The concluding Treatment Validation stage harnesses expert opinions, sourc- ing essential feedback on the practicality, importance, and usability of both the proposed method and the tool. The method and tool have been assessed as over- all useful, and experts state their intention to use them in practice. In conclusion, this study signifies a method development in LCA in the ICT domain, enriching the impact measuring methodology landscape. The validation from field experts emphasises the urgency for integrating such innovative, accessible solutions in addressing the environmental challenges in the field of ICT.