Towards a modal shift: A critical examination of fare-free public transport in Luxembourg

Abstract

The study examines the introduction of fare-free public transport in Luxembourg, which attracted worldwide attention. The central objective is to analyse the extent to which fare-free public transport can contribute to a modal shift from motorised private transport to public transport. It is examined whether the Luxembourg context offers a suitable environment for this purpose, taking into account both favourable conditions and persistent obstacles. The findings, drawn from qualitative research, particularly expert interviews, unveil a nuanced landscape. While promising aspects signal readiness for change, spatial deficits, cultural reliance on cars, and insufficient supporting measures that restrict the car present obstacles. The multifaceted nature of these challenges and their intricate interplay suggest that achieving a substantial modal shift may face substantial hurdles. In essence, while fare-free public transport does not prove to be a miracle cure, it does, however, offer additional benefits that can make it a meaningful component of a holistic approach to achieving more sustainable mobility.