A Colonization of the Future

Abstract

This thesis explores the complex relationship between the mining industry in Kiruna and its implications for the future of indigenous reindeer herders. Kiruna, located in Northern Sweden, is a region renowned for its rich mineral deposits, particularly iron ore, which has fueled a prosperous mining industry for decades. However, this economic growth has brought forth numerous challenges for traditional reindeer herding, a livelihood deeply ingrained in the cultural heritage and identity of the indigenous Sámi population. By analyzing the historical legacies of colonialism and their enduring effects on the agency of the Sámi people in policy-making processes, particularly in relation to the mining industry and its destructive consequences, this study examines the interplay between (green) colonialism, senses of belonging, and the struggles faced by the Sámi people in their quest to sustain a future for their culture. During two-and-a-half months of fieldwork in early 2023, I experienced the deep-rooted influence of colonialism on the agency of indigenous people in policy-making processes, the complexities of green colonialism, and the profound lack of belonging experienced by the Sámi people as they navigate the destructive impacts of the mining industry in Kiruna. By critically analyzing these dynamics, this study emphasizes the need for decolonization efforts, the recognition of indigenous rights, and the inclusion of local voices in policy-making processes. By doing so, Kiruna can chart a path toward a more equitable and sustainable future that preserves the cultural heritage, self-determination, and overall well-being of the Sámi people.