Regional income differences elucidated by facilities: A case study for the Netherlands
Summary
In the Netherlands, there are differences in average income levels and in the provision of facilities between
neighbourhoods. This paper examines its relationship by using CBS StatLine data for the period 2016-2021.
It finds that the average distance to facilities negatively affects future average income levels on the
neighbourhood level via the channel of migration; as the average distance to facilities declines, the net
migration rate rises. This causes average incomes to increase, indicating that rich people who can afford it
to move, move to those neighbourhoods. In addition, it finds that the provision of any facility to a
neighbourhood is more important than the provision of many facilities. Also, a retail facility and mobility
with a car is the most vital for a neighbourhood and attracts high income migrants.
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