Understanding the Impact of Menstruation on Work Performance: The Role of Presenteeism and Job Demands

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of menstruation on work performance, focusing on the potential mediating role of presenteeism. Additionally, it explored the moderating effects of workload and cognitive job demands on the relation between menstrual pain and presenteeism. Using a daily diary methodology over a ten-day period, the study captured behaviors, feelings, and attitudes, providing insights into the human behavior in the work context. Convenience sampling was employed to recruit 130 women who completed online questionnaires, and statistical analyses, including t-tests and mediation analysis, were conducted using SPSS 28 and the PROCESS plugin by Andrew F. Hayes. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between menstruation and pain, indicating higher pain levels during menstruation compared to non-menstruation days, both during working and non-working days. However, no significant direct or mediated effects were observed for pain on performance or the moderating effects of workload and cognitive job demands on the relationship between pain and presenteeism. These results emphasize the importance of further research to explore additional mediators and moderators that may contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the intricate dynamics between menstrual pain, work-related outcomes, and contextual factors. By uncovering these underlying mechanisms, future studies can inform the development of targeted interventions and support systems to address the challenges faced by individuals experiencing menstrual pain in the workplace.