Unpacking the Influence of Viral Infections on Diabetes Mellitus: Understanding Mechanisms and Intervention Implications

Abstract

This grant proposal aims to elucidate mechanisms behind existing risk factors for diabetes mellitus, specifically viral infections. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality and continues to rise, becoming an increasingly important global health issue. Diabetes is categorized into two different types: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that is often diagnosed early in life and is characterized by the complete destruction of ß-cells produced in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes typically develops later in life and occurs due to both decreased insulin production and insulin resistance. Both types share the quality of not being able to sufficiently metabolize circulating blood glucose, resulting in hyperglycemia. Despite current knowledge and evidence showing an association between viral infections and diabetes onset, the specific pathogenesis is still unknown. The primary objective of this study is to understand the mechanisms behind how viral infections impact the onset or progression of diabetes mellitus. Specifically, we will explore if viral infections accelerate the onset of diabetes, if it causes an increased progression of the disease, and if common antiviral treatments may work to delay progression of the disease. To achieve these objectives, we propose using a mouse model to directly compare how introduction of a viral infection alters the disease trajectory. This study will characterize the complicated relationship between viral infections and diabetes mellitus, leading to new therapeutic approaches and public health strategies.