Feasible practices to enhance the sustainability of shrimp farming in Ecuador
Summary
The shrimp farm industry in Ecuador has caused major environmental issues. Pond construction in mangroves has resulted in deforestation, biodiversity loss and has applied pressure on mangrove-dependent communities. Measures to mitigate these issues have been proposed but their effectiveness and success have not yet been clearly analysed. Papers on sustainable solutions for shrimp farming in Ecuador and their effect have been reviewed. Communal custody of specified mangrove areas has proven to be most successful in mangrove conservation, together with protected areas established by the State. Moreover, reforestation of mangroves by local communities have been fundamental in mangrove regeneration. Most promising options for the future include strengthening of management and law enforcement by the government with participation in policy making of coastal communities. Improvements are needed in mangrove and shrimp farm monitoring. In addition, more financial support and training is needed for restoration and conservation of mangroves and for technological solutions mitigating water contamination issues.