An Exploration of Sustainability and Inclusiveness within Sanitation Governance in eThekwini, South Africa

Abstract

South Africa have a unique history, and a fairly recent start of democracy in 1994, hence this research details how the history has led to shift in the governance of sanitation services and the efforts that have been done to increase inclusivity and sustainability, particularly with a focus on informal settlements and vulnerable populations, tending to be non-white people who did not have the same level of access to basic services as the white people did. This study explores the concepts of sustainability and inclusiveness within sanitation services in eThekwini, South Africa through the lens of governance actors. The study outlines some actors that are fundamental in a more inclusive and sustainable sanitation services. This includes local municipalities or a water service provider in charge and responsible for delegating and planning how service provision should be executed. It also includes experts and sanitation providers who can share knowledge to expand the potential of solutions in the local context. The research entailed the perspectives and views of National Government, Local Municipality, Academics, the Private Sector and an NGO. However, further actors that are significant to the governance of sanitation were identified as the users, technology developers and international bodies. Key findings include the absolute importance of local context for increased success of long-term solutions and the value of societal inclusion in services governance. In addition, this study also identifies the shift from traditional flush toilets to focus on innovations that are more resistant to the increasing challenges in the local context, such water scarcity, lack of capacity and urbanisation.