A critical view on neuronal polarization: How to make a single axon?

Abstract

During neuronal development, one axon and several dendrites are formed out of the immature neurites of one single neuron. The asymmetrical structure allows neurons to receive (dendrites) and transmit (axon) signals. A lot of molecules are implicated to play a role in neuronal polarization. This thesis touches on the molecules and the cellular mechanisms that contribute to the polarization of neurons. Most of these molecules act on the actin or microtubule cytoskeleton. Most likely, neuronal polarization is initiated or stimulated by the cooperative action of actin and microtubules regulatory proteins. Suggestions for research that should clarify the process further, involve in vivo research.