Double trouble in the re-integration of former detained adolescents with a non-western migrant background?

Abstract

An overrepresentation of adolescents with a non-western background can be found in very high numbers of recidivism among former detained adolescents with a little research about this target group. Contributing to the scarce body of research on former detained adolescents with a non-western migrant background, the aim of this study was to explore how the risks and criminogenic needs differ from the general group and whether welfare work responds adequately on these risks and needs. This is necessary to effectively reduce recidivism. In order to answer this question, 15 qualitative, in-depth interviews were conducted with professionals who work with this target group. The findings show that different general SAVRY risk factors (e.g. lack of social support and negative attitudes) play a strengthened role. Besides, identity issues and the lack of bonding with society are two important additional risk factors. The Big Four (antisocial network, antisocial behaviour, antisocial personality pattern and antisocial cognitions) dynamic needs also manifestate differently for these adolescents due to migration backlogs. Most interventions and welfare work do not meet the risks and the Big Four criminogenic needs of this specific group of adolescents and success factors to increase responsivity are suggested (recognition for the identity, culture sensitivity, including role models and social network and create a mutual base of trust). These findings have important theoretical and policy-related implications, which come down to investing in more ethnic specific literature and interventions on recidivism.