Automotive Head-Up Displays (HUDs) are Not yet Saving your Life: A Literature Review of the Human-Technology Interaction Challenges of HUDs

Abstract

HUDs have the potential to increase driving performance, however, the display design of HUDs often relies on common wisdom instead of scientific support. Visual clutter and salient symbols in HUD displays can visually distract the driver, which can reduce driving performance. In this literature review, the purpose is to determine how the human-technology interaction of HUDs can be optimized by increasing observability and minimizing visual distraction from visual clutter and saliency. Findings were that visual clutter can possibly be minimized by using up to four symbols and correctly placing different types of symbology within the view of the driver. To prevent unwanted visual saliency to occur, a visual enhancement system may not be used or solely when correctly adjusted. Additionally, saliency can be adjusted to the driver’s abilities by using the right enhancement-contrast ratios and preferably not making use of flashing symbols. Regarding the findings of the reviewed literature, an interface proposal is created to provide guidelines for future HUD display designs.