Insight into the prevalence and severity of symptoms suffered by patients with a hematological malignancy, admitted to hospital; a quantitative, explorative, descriptive study

Abstract

Background Patients with hematological malignancies face various symptoms. Early recognition of symptoms facilitates optimal symptom management. This study is set up to gain insight into the prevalence and severity of symptoms experienced by patients admitted to hospital with a hematological malignancy. This study will also explore whether these experienced symptoms are associated with patient characteristics. Method This quantitative, explorative, descriptive study was conducted between January and June 2018. Data was collected prospectively by using a patient-scored instrument, the Utrecht Symptom Diary (USD). Data was collected on the day of admission, day 4, and day 8. Prevalence and severity are presented with descriptive statistics. Kruskal-Wallis tests are used for associations between patient characteristics and experienced symptoms at day 4; the timepoint with the most severe symptoms. Results A total of 55 patients were enrolled in the study. At all timepoints symptom prevalence ranged from 65.8% (dry mouth) to 29.3% (dysphagia). Symptoms that were most commonly reported as moderate or severe were sleeping problems, dry mouth, anorexia, disturbed stool and fatigue. Patients admitted with lung complications had the driest mouths, highest reported dysphagia, disturbed stool, anorexia, and shortness of breath. Patients admitted for other complications had the most disturbed stool. Patients admitted for another aim had the most pain and dysphagia. Patients with a life-extending intent of treatment had more pain, more shortness of breath and were more anxious than patients with a curative intent of treatment. Conclusion Symptom burden appears to have impact at all timepoints, comprehensive symptom assessment is important. This study might help to improve proactive symptom management, including palliative care. A patient-scored instrument can contribute to this. Implications of key findings Further research is needed to develop a USD specific for hematological malignancies.