Natural Killer T cells and their functions in atherosclerosis and obesity: a therapeutic perspective for cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

Atherosclerosis and obesity, both related to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), are increasing pathologies under the global population. Therefore, both pathologies contribute to the growing problem of CVDs. In both pathologies, chronic inflammation is the key process that exacerbates disease progression. Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are of interest, because these immune cells connect innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, NKT cells get activated by lipid antigens. These antigens are highly enriched in both atherosclerotic lesions and adipose tissue. An obvious role for these cells in these pathologies has been determined and several pathways involved in these pathologies are known to induce NKT cell activation and modulate NKT cell effector function. However, conflicting results make it hard to address whether the effects achieved by NKT cells are beneficial or pathologic. Therefore, more studies are required that take the role of interfering factors into account, such as the effect of subtypes, environment, and time span. Thereafter, the potential of the NKT cells for therapeutic application in CVD can be determined.