Gatekeepers in Innovation Networks. Who are the gatekeepers in innovation networks of the German biotechnology sector?

Abstract

In this study, the process of innovation through knowledge transfer is investigated by identifying gatekeepers in cognitive innovation networks in the biotech industry in Germany, using network analysis on records from an unprecedented combination of subsidy programs of the European Commission (FP6) and the federal German government. The results indicate that geographical distance between organizations does not act as a boundary for collaboration between the organizations that take part in these subsidy programs: Most actors are well connected beyond their own region. The gatekeepers are organizations that play an important role in connecting all organizations of the cognitive network. All gatekeepers are found to be organizations with a public mission (universities or research organizations), most gatekeepers are very active in the subsidy programs, taking part in many different collaborative projects, but the decisive characteristics of gatekeepers have yet to be discovered. Government and private organizations may utilize these conclusions in fine-tuning innovation (stimulation) policies and strategies.