Risicofactoren en behoeftes bij voortijdig schoolverlaters: basis voor interventie?

Abstract

Objective: School-dropout represents a major societal problem, mainly derived from the costs associated with early school leave. Therefore the Dutch government wants to reduce the number of school drop-outs over the coming years. To be able to prevent students from dropping-out of school, development of effective intervention programs is essential. Thus far, results on risk factors of dropping-out of school and the needs of school drop-outs are unknown in the region of Arnhem. Methods: We conducted 18 semi-structured interviews amongst professionals, to investigate the major risk factors and needs of school drop-outs in the region of Arnhem. Also, an existing intervention program, Scoren door Scholing, focused on school drop-outs is evaluated. Results: Analysis of the interviews showed that drop-outs perform less at school mainly due to the complexity and diversity of their personal problems, like a lack of motivation, performance anxiety and a negative self-image. Apart from that, drugs abuse and money problems play a large role. Furthermore, familial problems, such as divorce and a lack of parental involvement at school seemed important risk factors of school drop-out. In addition, the social surrounding of young people provides them with tempting opportunities. As a result, school is no longer a priority to them. Intensive personal guidance within the school seemed to be a keystone in preventing drop-out in students at high risk. The project, Scoren door Scholing, focused on school drop-outs, has as a mayor advantage, which is the opportunity to intervene from within a soccer club. Conclusion: Personal, familiar, drugs and money related problems as well as a tempting environment are major risk factors of school drop-out. Future research should focus on developing an evidence-based intervention program targeting these risk factors and needs to prevent school drop-outs from occurring.