Animal Models of Fetal Growth Restriction and the Study of Neural Outcomes: A Literature Review

Abstract

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a failure of a fetus to reach its full genetic growth potential, with placental insufficiencies as the most common pathogenesis. FGR is one of the leading causes of infant mortality and a number of perinatal and long-term morbidities. A range of neural outcomes are commonly affected. Thus, the study of its causes, outcomes, and potential treatment strategies is of paramount importance. Animal research has been a remarkable source of information on the topic of FGR, so the matter of choosing an appropriate animal model is of crucial importance. This review examines the range of animal models of FGR available in the literature and showcases neural outcomes that can be assessed through them. The overarching aim is to aid in the further optimization of the field of FGR research through helping researchers identify suitable animal models, reducing the unnecessary use of animals, and improving the interpretation and translation of animal research conducted in the field of FGR.