From bitumen to bees: qualitative research to the implementation process of nature-based solutions in residential buildings

Abstract

As the impacts of climate change become increasingly tangible in urban environments, nature-based solutions (NBS) are gaining attention for their potential to simultaneously enhance climate resilience, support biodiversity, and improve quality of life. However, despite their promise, the actual uptake of NBS remains limited, particularly in the context of residential buildings. This represents a missed opportunity, especially in countries like the Netherlands, where a significant portion of the housing stock consists of owner-occupied homes. This research addresses this gap by examining how homeowners perceive the implementation of NBS on their own homes. The central aim of the study is to gain insight into the perceived possibilities, barriers and enablers, and future needs of NBS uptake. The main research question is: “What are the perceptions of homeowners towards the implementation of nature-based solutions to their buildings?” To answer this, a qualitative study was conducted using 14 semi-structured interviews with homeowners across Noord-Holland and Utrecht. The most important finding of this study is the perceived absence of a central, accessible source of information tailored to private homeowners. This lack of clear, practical knowledge hinders understanding of what NBS are, how they function, and how they can be applied in specific housing contexts. However, homeowners generally express openness to NBS and are curious about the options. In addition, uptake through neighbourhood initiatives is often viewed positively. To provide an answer to the main research question, it is evident that homeowners experience hesitation towards implementation of NBS on their house. Nevertheless, they are open to acquiring knowledge regarding this. It is recommended that policymakers who are aiming to improve the adoption of NBS on residential buildings invest in targeted communication strategies. Such strategies should clarify what NBS are and how they can be applied. A recommendation for future research the identification of effective strategies for designing, disseminating, and maintaining such information tools.