Diversity Matters: A qualitative study about patient experiences with culturally sensitive nursing care within an acute psychiatric setting

Abstract

Background Culture significantly influences psychiatric care by shaping patients' perceptions of their health and adherence to medical advice. Cultural sensitivity among nurses, encompassing knowledge, consideration, understanding, respect, and tailoring, is essential for providing effective care. Applying cultural sensitivity is crucial for mental health nurses who act as instruments of care, aligning with recovery-oriented care principles which focus on patient-centered recovery rather than symptom remission. However, the practical application of culturally sensitive nursing care in acute psychiatric settings remains underexplored. Aim This study aims to explore how patients admitted to an acute psychiatric ward perceive cultural sensitivity in their nursing care, in accordance with their care needs for personal recovery. Methods A generic descriptive qualitative design was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve patients admitted to the High Intensive Care (HIC) unit of the University Medical Centre Utrecht between January and June 2024. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes in patients’ experiences using Atlas.ti. Results Four main themes emerged: 1) empathy and engagement in patient-nurse interactions, 2) tailored nursing care, 3) respecting differences, and 4) need for religious considerations. Patients emphasized the importance of empathetic, non-judgmental engagement from nurses, highlighting the role of clarity, consistency, and genuine interest in fostering therapeutic alliances. Tailored care was appreciated but noted as inconsistent, sometimes failing to meet specific needs. Respect for individual differences was fundamental, and integrating spiritual needs was essential for some patients. Conclusion and key findings This study reveals the critical role of culturally sensitive nursing care in enhancing patient experiences and supporting personal recovery in acute psychiatric settings. Empathetic engagement, personalized care, equal treatment, and accommodating religious needs are pivotal. Future research should explore the impact of diagnoses on perceived cultural sensitivity and develop tools to integrate culturally sensitive practices into acute psychiatric care.