Incidence of urinary incontinence after ovariectomy in Great Swiss Mountain dogs compared to similar sized dog breeds

Abstract

Pet dogs have gained an important place in our households in the last century. While ovariectomy was previously considered the standard, more and more is known about the risk factors that come with this intervention. Advantages of ovariectomy include decreased chance on developing mammary tumours, ovarian diseases, uterine diseases, vaginal fold hyperplasia, as well as progestogen dependent diabetes mellitus, behavioural issues and pseudopregnancy. However, ovariectomy increase the risk on developing metabolic and endocrine disorders, behavioural concerns, coat changes and neoplastic disorders, but also orthopaedic diseases and immune disorders. On the one hand, a literature study was done on these risk factors, with a main focus on Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence (USMI), the mos