Platform-Specific Discourses on 5G Networks, utilizing a multi-modal topic model on TikTok and X (Twitter)

Abstract

The latest generation in mobile networks, the fifth generation (5G), is not only a significant improvement compared to 4G, but is also a subject of considerable controversy. Social me- dia is full of linking 5G to health risks, electromagnetic exposure, and unfounded links to COVID-19. On social media, conspiracy theories and misinformation thrive in echo cham- bers. This study examines the discourses surrounding 5G networks on two mainstream social media platforms: TikTok and X (formerly Twitter). By analyzing both visual and textual data, the research aims to uncover how the unique modes of communication of each platform influence the discussion of 5G-related information and misinformation. To analyse the discourses, the study employs a multi-modal topic modeling using BERTopic to analyze the data, offering insights into the role of platform characteristics in shaping public perceptions of 5G. Key findings reveal distinct and overlapping discourses about 5G on TikTok and X. TikTok content often combines humor with creativity, by its in- teractive and visual interface, while X’s text-focused content tends to be more extreme and politically oriented. This research enhances the understanding of how social media platforms facilitate public discussions on controversial issues such as 5G technology.