Cognitive distortions, Internalizing Problems and Gender: What is the Relationship between Cognitive distortions and Internalizing Problems in Adolescents (13-17), and is this Association Moderated by Gender?

Abstract

Aim Cognitive distortions have mostly been described in the context of externalizing problems, however, some indication that cognitive distortions are associated with internalizing problems is available. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of cognitive distortions on internalizing problems, and uncover whether gender differences exist within this relationship. Method Data from 535 adolescents (260 boys and 275 girls) aged twelve to nineteen were analyzed in a cross-sectional design. Self-reported questionnaires examined adolescents’ cognitive distortion levels, clustered in subscales of self-centering, blaming others, minimizing/mislabeling and assuming the worst, as well as internalizing problem levels. Results T-tests revealed that cognitive distortions were more prevalent in boys compared to girls, while girls reported higher rates of internalizing problems. Furthermore, correlation effects revealed that higher rates of cognitive distortions were found to relate to increasing internalizing problems. No significant moderation effects were found for gender in the relationship between cognitive distortions and internalizing problems. Conclusion This study was the first to examine whether gender differences play a role the association between cognitive distortions and internalizing problems. The lack of significant moderation effects indicates that boys and girls dealing with depression or anxiety do not require different treatment approaches regarding cognitive distortions. However, more research is necessary to establish a comprehensive picture of how this relationship is shaped.