Prevalence of polydipsia in dogs with pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade

Abstract

Pericardial effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, which may eventually lead to a significant increase in intrapericardial pressure and cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening condition characterized by collapse of the cardiac chambers and heart failure. A variety of clinical signs can be reported by the owner of dogs presenting with pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade; most of these are non-specific, including polydipsia. This research project consisted of a retrospective and a prospective study. Clinical signs reported by the owner of dogs presenting with cardiac tamponade due to pericardial effusion and physical examination findings at presentation were evaluated. The prevalence of polydipsia was calculated, next to that of other clinical signs and physical examination findings. The presence of a mass on echocardiography and the amount of fluid drained from the pericardium were also assessed, and their correlation with the presence of polydipsia was investigated. A total prevalence of 35% for polydipsia was found. There was no significant association between this and the presence of a mass or ascites. The amount of fluid drained from the pericardium did not seem correlated with the presence of polydipsia. The prevalence of polydipsia in this study is higher than previously reported and can occur at first presentation or relapse. Therefore, it could potentially be useful as a sign of recurrence that owners can monitor at home.