De relatie tussen positieve en negatieve disciplinering van ouders en de sociaal-emotionele ontwikkeling van kinderen tussen de twee en drie jaar; verschillen tussen jongens en meisjes.

Abstract

This study focuses on the relation between parental discipline and the social-emotional development of children between the ages two to three and the moderating role of the child’s gender. There is evidence of gender differences in the relation between parental discipline and the social-emotional development, but little research is done about these gender differences with children under the age of five. In this study a sample was used of 262 Dutch parents and their two- to three-year-old children without disabilities. Participants were recruited from day-cares, advertisements in the paper or child health clinics. Parents completed the CECPAQ to measure parental discipline and the ASQ:SE to measure the social-emotional development of the children. The findings indicated that negative discipline could predict behavioural problems with children from 33-36 months old and positive discipline predicts a healthy social-emotional development with children from 24-32 months old. This research shows that intervention- and prevention programs should pay more attention to the effects of parental discipline. social-emotional development, parental disciplining, toddlers, gender, ASQ:SE, CECPAQ