C-type lectin receptors: pioneers in carbohydrate recognition on microbes

Abstract

C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) comprise a group of advanced receptors, expressing the ability to recognize carbohydrates on host and microbial cells in a Ca2+ dependent manner. The family of CLRs is roughlydivided in transmembrane (TM) and soluble CLRs. Today, around 80 CLRs have been identified. These CLRs are responsible for the recognition of over a thousand glycans present on host and microbial cells. Here, we review the various structural compositions of TM and soluble CLRs, resulting in specific CLR-carbohydrate interactions. The different structural compositions may contribute to the sophisticated function of CLRs. Clarifying the exact mechanism of carbohydrate recognition by CLRs on the basis of structural conformations will improve our knowledge on host-microbe interactions and may contribute to the development of improved therapeutic interventions.