Analyzing the potential and cost- effectiveness of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) in water- scarce islands in the Mediterranean- Syros case study

Abstract

This thesis investigates the potential and cost-effectiveness of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) for addressing water scarcity on Syros Island, Greece. Given the island’s reliance on groundwater and the increasing demand driven by population growth and tourism, MAR presents a promising solution. The study utilizes three distinct simulation scenarios to analyze the impacts of different injection and extraction well configurations on the aquifer’s water table and hydraulic head distribution. Simulation 1, with no artificial recharge, demonstrated significant drawdowns, highlighting the necessity for MAR. Simulation 2 showed limited improvement with a single high-rate injection well, which mitigated draw down effects only in its immediate vicinity. Simulation 3, featuring multiple high-rate injection wells, emerged as the most effective strategy, achieving a balanced and stable aquifer system with minimal drawdowns and a more uniform distribution of the water table. A comprehensive cost-benefit analysis supports Simulation 3 as the optimal approach for MAR in the Vari area. Utilizing reclaimed water for MAR aligns with economic viability and environmental sustainability goals. The analysis reveals that the cost per cubic meter of reclaimed water (€0.13) is significantly lower than that of desalinated water (€1.87), resulting in substantial cost savings. Additionally, reclaimed water production has a much lower carbon footprint compared to desalination, contributing to the reduction of the island’s overall environmental impact. In conclusion, Simulation 3, with multiple high-rate injection wells, represents the best practice for MAR in the Vari area of Syros Island. This approach ensures economic viability, environmental sustainability, and effective water resource management. The successful implementation of MAR could enhance water security across Syros Island, promoting sustainable groundwater management and resilience against water scarcity.